Malthusian Equilibrium and Population Dynamics
A specific example illustrates how a Malthusian economy self-regulates to a subsistence equilibrium. Assuming a subsistence income of 500 kg of grain per farmer, the equilibrium (Point E on a corresponding graph) occurs when the population reaches 1,500 farmers. At this specific population size, the average product of labor equals the subsistence level, and the population remains stable. If the farmer population is below 1,500, individual incomes exceed the subsistence level, leading to population growth. This growth increases the number of farmers, which in turn lowers the average product until it returns to the subsistence level at 1,500 farmers. Conversely, if the population is above 1,500, incomes fall below subsistence, causing the population to decline back to the equilibrium point.
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