Learning is an example of a natural internal mechanism. It allows individuals to associate a fear with a potential danger in such a way that the intensity of the fear is roughly equal to the actual degree of danger.

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Within Wakefield's model, natural internal mechanisms refer to psychological processes that have been shaped by evolution to serve important functions. These mechanisms include core processes like cognition, perception, and learning, which enable adaptive behaviors such as rational thought, problem-solving, and communication.

Natural Internal Mechanisms in Psychology

Spielman, R. M., Jenkins, W. J., & Lovett, M. D. (2020, April 22). Psychology (2nd ed.). OpenStax. https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/1-introduction

OpenStax Psychology (2nd ed.) Textbook

Proposed by Wakefield in 1992, the influential harmful dysfunction model defines a psychological disorder using two criteria. First, there must be a 'dysfunction,' which is a failure of an evolutionarily developed internal mechanism (such as cognition or perception) to perform its natural function. Second, this dysfunction must be 'harmful,' meaning it results in negative consequences for the individual or others, as judged by the standards of their culture. These harms can include significant internal distress or impairment in social or occupational life.

Wakefield's Harmful Dysfunction Model

Read the following scenario. Identify the primary natural internal mechanism that is failing to perform its expected function and explain your reasoning.

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