Example

Utility Function u(t,c) = t(c-200) Where the Dominant Effect Depends on Unearned Income

For an individual whose preferences are represented by the utility function u(t,c)=t(c200)u(t,c) = t(c-200), the effect of a wage increase is not constant but depends on their level of unearned income, II. In this scenario, the positive income effect is the stronger force when unearned income is low. Conversely, the negative substitution effect dominates when unearned income is high. This demonstrates how the balance between income and substitution effects can be conditional on other economic factors.

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Updated 2026-05-02

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