Explaining the Chain Reaction of Innovation
Explain the concept of an 'interrelated succession of technological changes' by describing how a specific technological breakthrough during the 18th or 19th centuries created a new problem or 'bottleneck' that, in turn, prompted a subsequent innovation to solve it.
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David Landes
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The major technological breakthroughs of the Industrial Revolution, such as those in textiles and power, are best understood as a series of isolated, independent inventions that happened to occur in the same historical period.
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The industrial era was driven by a chain reaction where one innovation solved a problem but often created a new one. Match each industrial problem (bottleneck) with the technological innovation that was its direct solution.
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A historian argues, "The Industrial Revolution was fundamentally the 'Age of Steam.' The invention of an efficient steam engine was the single, pivotal event that triggered all subsequent economic growth. Without it, other minor improvements in areas like textiles would have had a negligible impact." Which of the following statements provides the most accurate critique of this historian's argument?
The Unbound Prometheus: Technological Change and Industrial Development in Western Europe From 1750 to the Present (Landes, 2003)