- There were some differences: women reported more sexual trauma and psychological problems in their fathers and men reported more discipline problems at school and more trouble with the police.
- There were no significant gender differences in family problems scores (F1) but, as expected, men scored significantly higher than women on behavioral/conduct problems.
- UP and BP subjects did not differ in their total scores on the two factors: family problems and conduct problems. Both did differ significantly from the 183 subjects without mood disorders on sexual trauma.
- Sufferers from chronic mood disorders scored consistently higher on childhood family problems; the differences were significant in the UP and in the combined (UP ? BP) groups.
- There were no associations between chronicity and the other variables entered into the analyses: sexual trauma, gender, SCL-90-R depression, anxiety and interpersonal sensitivity scores, family history of mania, and anxious personality . Remarkably also childhood conduct problems were not associated significantly with chronicity

Childhood family and conduct problems results 

Syracuse University

- diagnosis of chronic major and minor depressive episodes required temporal chronicity criterion for DSM-IV dysthymia or mood changes daily for a year before the interview. 
- unipolar depression and bipolar disorders were defined broadly by DSM-IV as well. 
- Master and self esteem measured by the Scales of Pearlin and Schooler at age 20/21.
- The Symptom Checklist 90 R (SCL-90-R) was used for the self-assessment of depression, anxiety, somatisation and vegetative lability at age 19/20.
- Childhood problems were assessed in retrospect at ages
27/28 and 29/30.

Measurements 

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00406-010-0120-3

Childhood adversity and chronicity of mood disorder

Factor Analysis of Childhood Problems 

- A multivariate logistic regression was conducted to examine the influence of several predictors on the chronicity of mood disorder.
- The initial independent variables entered into the regression model were the level of childhood family problems, the level of childhood conduct problems, the presence of psychological problems in the father, the presence of psychological problems in the mother, the self-rating score of mastery (coping) at age 20/21, the self-rating score of self-esteem at age 20/21, the scores of the SCL scales for depression, anxiety, somatisation and interpersonal sensitivity at age 19/20 (t-trans- formed), the presence of an anxious personality in childhood/adolescence, the presence of a family history of depression, and the presence of a family history of mania or bipolar disorder. 
- The models were reduced by eliminating, one by one, the least significant variable. If the deletion of a variable led to a change of more than 20% in one or more of the remaining regression coefficients, the variable was kept in the model. This procedure continued until only variables with a statistical significance level of at least P <  0.1 remained. Only these variables will be reported.

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