This study included 5,018 patients with lupus and 25,090 control group subjects (representing the general population of Clalit Health Services). Of those 5,018 patients, 276 were also diagnosed with schizophrenia. The proportion of patients with schizophrenia in the lupus group versus the control group was 1.38% vs. 0.83%. Even after controlling for gender, age, socioeconomic status, and smoking status, the positive association between lupus and schizophrenia remained significant.