  Banerjee, D., & Rai, M. (2020). Social isolation in Covid-19: The impact of loneliness. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 66(6), 525–527. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020922269


First signs of effect of social isolation in Wuhan, China

Trends of depression, anxiety, and PTSD, were heavily prevalent in Wuhan, China where the first outbreaks of COVID-19 were discovered. It was found that the biological unpreparedness for social isolation only made the psychological effects even more drastic. 

Wayne State University

Prior to the global pandemic, loneliness and social isolation were linked directly to a reduced lifespan and greater risk of overall mental and physical health. Studies conducted after the initiation of the worldwide stay at home orders proved that social isolation resulted in general stress and were potential causes of negative mental health, substance abuse, and multiple other risk factors.

How social isolation has effected mental health

-Nirmita Panchal, R. K., & 2021, F. (2021, February 10). The Implications of COVID-19 for Mental Health and Substance Use. Retrieved from https://www.kff.org/coronavirus-covid-19/issue-brief/the-implications-of-covid-19-for-mental-health-and-substance-use/
-“The Double Pandemic Of Social Isolation And COVID-19: Cross-Sector Policy Must Address Both, " Health Affairs Blog, June 22, 2020.
DOI: 10.1377/hblog20200609.53823
-Sacks, C. A., Institute, A. A., Others, D. S., T. T. Shimabukuro and Others, F. P. Polack and Others, & R. W. Frenck and Others. (2020, June 04). Reconsidering Risks of Gun Ownership and Suicide in Unprecedented Times: NEJM. Retrieved from https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMe2007658?af=R&rss=currentIssue
-Nirmita Panchal, R. K., & 2021, F. (2021, April 14). The Implications of COVID-19 for Mental Health and Substance Use. Retrieved from https://www.kff.org/coronavirus-covid-19/issue-brief/the-implications-of-covid-19-for-mental-health-and-substance-use/
-Domestic Violence Increased in the US by 8.1% During the COVID-19 Pandemic. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/domestic-violence-covid-19-increase-us-ncccj-study/
-https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11150-020-09526-7
-https://fox17.com/news/local/feeling-the-pressures-of-the-pandemic-suicide-hotlines-see-800-percent-spike-in-calls
-https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6932a1.htm
-https://www.apa.org/monitor/2021/03/substance-use-pandemic
-https://www.fnha.ca/about/news-and-events/news/covid-19-pandemic-sparks-surge-in-overdose-deaths-this-year

References for how social isolation effects mental health

The main risk factors that resulted from the social isolation of the pandemic included suicidal ideation, depression, domestic violence, and substances abuse.  

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