The extent to which those in different fields of study value some measure of innate aptitude or fixed intelligence and believe it is required for success in their respective fields.


Field-specific Ability Beliefs

The belief that one's intelligence is an innate quality of the individual that cannot be easily changed or augmented.

New York University

Different mindsets that individuals hold about the malleability of intelligence. People tend to have one of two mindsets:
- Fixed
- Growth

Implicit Theories of Intelligence

Costa, A., & Faria, L. (2018). Implicit theories of intelligence and academic achievement: A meta-analytic review. Frontiers in psychology, 9, 829. 


Implicit theories of intelligence and academic achievement: A meta-analytic review

The belief that one's intelligence and talents are malleable and can be cultivated through effort and practice.

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