- China
- Italy
- Spain
- United States
- France
- United Kingdom
- Mexico

Obesity in COVID-19 Patients by Geographic Location

- ACE2 expression
- RAS activity
- cytokine storm
- endothelial dysfunction

Proposed Mechanisms Related to Obesity that Contribute to COVID-19 Morbidity and Mortality

- In-hospital mortality 
- Risk of intubation 
- Acute kidney injury 
- Acute respiratory distress syndrome 
- Acute cardiac injury 

Effects of Obesity on COVID-19 Complications and Outcomes 

Researchers have found individuals with body fat higher or lower than normal had a higher risk of disease infection. 

Body Fat Status and Increased Risk of Infection 

- Risk of infection
- Effects by geographical location
- Proposed disease mechanisms that contribute to morbidity and mortality
- COVID-19 complications and outcomes

University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

City University of New York

Michigan State University

Smith College

- Implication of Obesity In Patients with COVID-19 
- Obesity in COVID-19 Patients by Geographic Location 
- Risk of Cytokine Storm in Obese COVID-19 Patients
- Higher Concentrations of IL-17 and TNF-α Lead to Greater Respiratory Damage
- Association of Obesity and Age with severe cases of COVID-19
- Association of Obesity and Hospital Stay Length

Obesity as a Comorbidity of COVID-19 

In populations with a high prevalence of obesity, such as the United States, COVID-19 will affect younger populations more than reported in other countries with lower prevalences of obesity. For example, in a large study of COVID-19 ICU patients in Italy, the median age was 63 years, with only 13% of patients younger than 51 years old and a prevalence of obesity of only 20% compared to the US' 40%.



Implications of Obesity in Patients with COVID-19

Association of Obesity and Age with severe cases of COVID-19

- Obesity prolongs the hospital stay in patients affected by COVID-19, and may impact on SARS-COV-2 shedding

Association of Obesity and Hospital Stay Length

Focuses of Obesity in COVID-19 Patients

Metabolic characteristics of obese patients include higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Additionally, blood plasma levels of cytokines are higher in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy individuals. Due to these combined risk factors, obese patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 have a higher risk of hypercytokinemia where there is an influx of cytokines in the blood within a short amount of time; thus, leading to organ failure, severe lung damage, and significantly increased likelihood of death. 

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