How long it takes someone to make a decision

Decision time

A learning task that requires a considerable but desirable amount of effort, thereby improving long-term performance.

Examples:

- Interleaving Materials
- Spacing Studying
- Generation Effect
- Retrieval practice (testing)
- Varying Study Conditions

Desirable Difficulties

Assumes people are rational and posits that when people have all of the available information they will act to maximize expected utility.

Expected utility theory

The predictions of what emotions people think they will feel after making some decision. This affects the decision people make.

Expected emotions

Logical reasoning is the process of using a rational, systematic series of steps based on sound certain mathematical procedures and statements to arrive at a conclusion. 

There are three types of the reasoning:
- Abductive Reasoning 
- Deductive Reasoning 
- Inductive Reasoning

Reasoning

Heuristics are mental shortcuts that people rely on to simplify the complex task of forming and maintaining beliefs. Because forming detailed and accurate beliefs requires extensive observation, memory, and analysis, individuals use these efficient cognitive strategies. However, relying on heuristics can sometimes lead to incorrect conclusions.

Heuristics

- Heuristics and biases
- Desirable difficulty
- Decision time
- Reasoning
- Expected emotions

University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

University of Texas at Austin

Choosing a belief, action or object out of a set of alternative options.

Decision-Making

Kahneman, Daniel. Thinking, Fast and Slow. Nota, 2013.

Thinking Fast and Slow by Daniel Kahneman

Goldstein, E. B. (2014). Cognitive psychology: Connecting mind, research and everyday experience. Nelson Education.


Cognitive psychology: Connecting mind, research and everyday experience

Focuses of Research on  Decision-Making

- Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition


References for Decision Making by Journal

* Anchoring bias
* Confirmation bias
* Hindsight bias
* Representative bias
* Availability heuristic

Decision-Making Biases

Problem solving is a fundamental cognitive process people engage in daily to find solutions for challenges they encounter. These challenges can range from straightforward tasks, such as doubling a recipe, to more complex situations, like handling an unexpected equipment failure under a tight deadline. A more formal definition states that "problem solving consists of using generic or ad hoc methods in an orderly manner to find solutions to problems."

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