Hope occurs with the possibility of future gain. It functions as a source of perseverance and determination.  

University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

Functions of emotion for our survival pertain to: 
- Support adaptive action
- Regulate our pursuit of goals
- Promote selective responses
- Function of Facial Expressions

Functions of Emotions

Funder, D. C. (2019). The personality puzzle. New York, NY: W. W. Norton &amp; Company.

The Personality Puzzle

Anger is often stimulated by a threat or trespassing. According to the evolutionary perspective, anger functions as a means to protect territory, resources, or family members. 

Function of Anger

Guilt is stimulated when one does harm or violates social code. It functions as a mean to obtain forgiveness and reenter the social group 

Function of Guilt

Anxiety occurs in the presence of potential harm or danger. The function of anxiety is to anticipate danger or escape harm. 

Function of Anxiety

Sadness occurs in the presence of loss. Its adaptive function is to receive support or disengage with loss

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