Which of the following is not one of Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences?

- creative
- spatial
- linguistic
- musical

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Developed by Harvard psychologist Howard Gardner, a former student of Erik Erikson, the Multiple Intelligences Theory proposes that every individual has a minimum of eight distinct types of intelligence. These include linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, bodily kinesthetic, spatial, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic intelligence.

Multiple Intelligences Theory

Spielman, R. M., Jenkins, W. J., & Lovett, M. D. (2020, April 22). Psychology (2nd ed.). OpenStax. https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/1-introduction

OpenStax Psychology (2nd ed.) Textbook

Which of the following intelligences are included in Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligences Theory?

Who are the developers of the Multiple Intelligences Theory?

Which of the following statements best describes the concept of 'Interpersonal Intelligence' as per Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligences Theory?

Which of the following intelligences is most likely to be demonstrated by a person who excels in understanding and navigating the natural world?

Howard Gardner is a Harvard psychologist credited with developing the Multiple Intelligences Theory. He was a former student of the psychologist Erik Erikson.

Howard Gardner

Cognitive psychologists have strongly criticized Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligences Theory due to a significant lack of empirical evidence supporting its claims.

Criticism of Multiple Intelligences Theory

Although it faces criticism regarding empirical evidence, the Multiple Intelligences Theory remains influential in educational settings. Educators continue to explore its applications, and certain colleges are actively discussing strategies for incorporating Gardner's theory into their instructional practices.

Application of Multiple Intelligences Theory in Education

As noted by Gottfredson (2004), a likely reason for the sustained popularity of the Multiple Intelligences Theory is the deeply appealing notion that multiple, independent types of intelligence exist. This perspective implies that every individual has the capacity to be intelligent in some distinct way, an idea that is particularly attractive within democratic societies.

Possible Explanation for the Popularity of Multiple Intelligences Theory

The concept of emotional intelligence is often presented as a combination of two of the intelligences from Howard Gardner's theory: interpersonal intelligence (understanding others) and intrapersonal intelligence (understanding oneself).

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