Underactivation in the left temporal lobe results indiccate reduced socioemotional responses which explain the impulsive factor related to DBD's.

Research Indicates that Youth with Oppositional Behavior display Underactivation in the Left Temporal Pole

Children with oppositional and conduct behaviors have poor top-down processing which results in poor emotional processing. 

FMRI Studies Display Underactivation in the Prefrontal Cortex in Children With Disruptive Behavior

- Punishment processing
- Reward processing
- Cognitive control


Three Mental Domains Associated with ODD Behavior


The decreased functioning in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex explains the attention deficits associated with conducct behaviors of DBD's. 

DBD Development: underactive dorsolateral prefrontal cortical area

- decreased prefrontal cortical functioning
- decreased activity in left temporal pole
- decreased right dorsolateral prefrontal cortical functioning 

Arizona State University

Research has not been successful in identifying a specific neural circut leading to thhe developpment of DBD's. However, research indicates that emotional reactivity is due to a bidirectional transaction between genetic material and environmental factors. 

Analyzing the Development of DBD's

Matthys, & Lochman, J. E. (2017). Oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder in childhood (Second edition.). Wiley Blackwell.


Oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder in childhood 

- familly functioning/ parent-child relationships

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