Objects that are located spatially near one another are perceived as belonging to the same group.

Indiana University

Good visualizations use graphics to organize information, highlight important information, allow for visual comparisons, and reveal patterns, trends, and outliers in the data. Some principles include:
-	Preattentiveness
-	Visual components that are useful for making quantitative comparisons. Graphical vocabulary consisting of marks (points, lines, areas), retinal variables (color, size, shape, orientation, scale), and position (relative locations of marks within a spatial field).
-	Gestalt principles (proximity) 

Principles of Information Visualization

Hearst, M. A. (2009). Search user interfaces. Cambridge University Press. [https://searchuserinterfaces.com/book/]

Search User Interfaces

Properties that a person can perceive in fewer than 250 milliseconds, without having to scan the visual field serially.

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