When handling outliers, researchers must decide how to manage them based on their cause. Data entry errors can be corrected. If an outlier stems from misunderstanding or lack of effort, the response may be excluded using consistent criteria. Importantly, excluded data should not be permanently deleted but set aside for potential future review. When presenting results, researchers must clearly report how many participants or responses were excluded and detail the specific criteria used. For valid extreme responses, researchers can use robust statistics like the median or analyze the data both with and without the outliers.