* Caffeine withdrawal: headache is the most common symptom (50% incidence rate).

University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

A headache caused by an underlying medical condition.

Secondary headache

Zhu, K., Born, D. W., & Dilli, E. (2020). Secondary Headache: Current Update. Headache, 60(10), 2654–2664. https://doi.org/10.1111/head.13986

 Secondary Headache: Current Update 

* Craniotomy: surgical opening of the skull may be attributed to acute headache. Pulsating pain occurs at the site of opening about one week after the surgery

Headache attributed to head or neck trauma

* Ischemic stroke: can be associated with acute headache starting on the same day of the stroke. 
* Giant cell arteritis: inflammation of lining of arteries is associated with scalp tenderness, jaw discomfort and muscle stiffness. Vision loss can occur, especially if untreated.

Headache attributed to cranial or cervical vascular disorder

* HaNDL: a rare form of secondary headache associated with transient neurological deficits like hemiparesis (paralysis of one side), hemisensory disturbance, aphasia (inability to speak).
* Chiari Malformation 1: the part of the skull containing the cerebellum is not fully formed, causing pressure on the brain. It is associated with brief headache episodes (< 5 minutes), pain in the occipital region, and sensory loss, sudden weakness, neck pain, vertigo, loss of consciousness and sleep apnea (caused by neural dysfunction).

Headache attributed to non-vascular intracranial disorder

* Viral meningitis or encephalitis: inflammation of the protective membrane or tissues of the brain. Symptoms include pain around the head and neck stiffness.
* Systemic infection: for example, influenza. Widespread pain from moderate to severe levels.

Headache attributed to infection

Headache attributed to substance or withdrawal

Sinus headaches are a type of secondary headache caused by the inflammation of the sinuses, which can result from an infection or an allergic reaction. The pain is typically localized in the cheeks and forehead.

Sinus Headache

A 65-year-old patient reports a new, severe headache that began suddenly this morning. They also mention experiencing a stiff neck, a high fever, and confusion. Based on this combination of symptoms, what is the most likely characteristic of this patient's headache?

A person who rarely gets headaches experiences a sudden, severe headache accompanied by a high fever and a stiff neck. Which of the following statements best explains the nature of this headache?

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