A headache with no underlying cause. The most common type of headache (over 90% of cases).
* Migraine
* Tension-type headache
* Trigeminal autonomic cephalgias
* Stimulus-induced headache
* Thunderclap headache
* New daily persistent headache

Primary headache

A headache caused by an underlying medical condition.

Secondary headache

A headache is defined as a sustained pain in the head. Primary headaches, the most common form, have no underlying cause (ex. migraine, tension, headaches, cluster headaches). Secondary headaches have an underlying cause (ex. infection, vascular disease, trauma, brain tumor).

University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

The somatosensory system is partly responsible for detecting painful stimuli. Pain is defined as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage.
- Importance of Pain
- Congenital Insensitivity to Pain
- Classifying Pain
- Biological Basis of Pain

Somatosensory System: Pain

An interesting characteristic of pain is that there are not universal levels across the globe. For instance, in some parts of the world people endure rituals (that involve self mutilation and burning) with stoic indifference, whereas others would cry out in pain. Learning, experience, emotion, and culture all affect the perception of pain in striking ways.
- McGill's Three Aspects of Pain

Measuring Human Pain

Pain, although in some aspects emotional, can find its basis in the physiological occurrences of the human body.
- Damaged Tissue and Chemical Release
- Nociceptors
- Specialized Pain Fibers
- Pain in the Spinal Pathways
- Cortical Substrates for Pain
- Neuropathic Pain and Phantom Limbs
- The Pain of Social Rejection 
- Controlling Pain

Biological Basis of Pain

Pain is an unpleasant experience that encompasses both physical sensations and psychological elements.

Experience of pain

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The sensation of pain serves a crucial adaptive role by alerting an individual to injury. It motivates behavior to move away from the source of harm and encourages protective actions, such as being more gentle with an injured area, to prevent further damage and facilitate healing.

Adaptive Functions of Pain

Based on the case presented, evaluate the statement: 'A life without the sensation of pain would be ideal.' In your evaluation, justify your position by explaining the primary function of pain and predicting the long-term health challenges this individual is likely to face.

The Paradox of a Pain-Free Life

Congenital insensitivity to pain, or congenital analgesia, is a very rare genetic disorder in which an individual is born without the ability to feel pain. Although individuals with this condition can detect differences in temperature and pressure, their inability to experience pain frequently leads to significant injuries, such as young children repeatedly biting their mouths and tongues. Because of these injuries and resulting secondary infections, those affected typically have much shorter life expectancies.

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