- Etiology	
- Global distribution
- Clinical features
- Epidemiology 
- Progression of Hookworm infection
- Global disease burden
- Hookworm control strategies
- Na-ASP-2 Hookworm Vaccine

Hookworm

- Hookworm: “The Great Infection of Mankind”

Sources for Helminths

- Flatworms (platyhelminths)
- Roundworms (nematodes)

Groups of Helminths

Although multicellular parasitic worms known as helminths are typically large enough to be seen without a microscope and are therefore not technically classified as microorganisms, they are still a significant subject within the field of microbiology. Their inclusion is necessary because the diseases they cause often involve eggs and larvae that are microscopic in size.

Helminths in Microbiology

Dracunculus medinensis, commonly known as the guinea worm, is an example of a multicellular parasitic helminth. Infection usually occurs when an individual consumes drinking water that contains water fleas infected with guinea-worm larvae. As the adult worm gradually works its way out of the host's skin, it causes debilitating symptoms such as dizziness, vomiting, diarrhea, and painful ulcers on the legs and feet. Thanks to coordinated global sanitation efforts to improve drinking water, cases of guinea-worm disease have plummeted from an estimated $${}3.5$$ million in the mid-$${}1980$$s to only $${}126$$ reported cases in $${}2014$$.

Dracunculus medinensis

Multicellular organisms that can be parasitic or free living, unable to multiply while within humans (in adult form).

University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

Georgetown University

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Types of Parasites

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). Centers for Disease control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/. 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

https://openstax.org/details/books/microbiology/

Microbiology covers the scope and sequence requirements for a single-semester microbiology course for non-majors. The book presents the core concepts of microbiology with a focus on applications for careers in allied health. The pedagogical features of the text make the material interesting and accessible while maintaining the career-application focus and scientific rigor inherent in the subject matter. Microbiology’s art program enhances students’ understanding of concepts through clear and effective illustrations, diagrams, and photographs.

Microbiology is produced through a collaborative publishing agreement between OpenStax and the American Society for Microbiology Press. The book aligns with the curriculum guidelines of the American Society for Microbiology.

OpenStax Microbiology Textbook

Helminths

Organisms that attach or burrow in to the skin for weeks to months long duration.

Ectoparasites

Protists have been historically informally grouped into three categories: 
- "Animal-Like" Protozoans
- "Plant-Like"  Algae
- "Fungus-Like" Protists

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