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Dramatic and Uneven Rise in Global Living Standards Since Ibn Battuta's Era
Comparing GDP Per Capita Levels and Growth Rates Across Nations
The Hockey Stick Pattern in Environmental Data
Figure 1.1: The History's Hockey Stick Graph of GDP Per Capita
Fossil Fuel Combustion as a Driver of Modern Global Warming
Capitalism
History’s Hockey Stick: Stagnant Income Before Sustained Growth
As illustrated by Figure 1.1, the 'history's hockey stick' graph shows that for most of recorded history, living standards did not grow in any sustained way. This long period of stagnation was followed by a period of sustained growth, but this turning point occurred at different times for different countries. This variation in timing is a major cause of the vast differences in living standards seen across the world today.
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Ch.1 The Capitalist Revolution - The Economy 1.0 @ CORE Econ
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Introduction to Microeconomics Course
Introduction to Macroeconomics Course
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The Economy 2.0 Macroeconomics @ CORE Econ
The Economy 1.0 @ CORE Econ
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History’s Hockey Stick: Stagnant Income Before Sustained Growth
Capitalism, Causation, and History’s Hockey Stick
Life Expectancy
Pre-1800 GDP Data Scarcity and Its Impact on Historical Graphs
Data Sources for the History's Hockey Stick Graph
History’s Hockey Stick: Stagnant Income Before Sustained Growth
Capitalism, Causation, and History’s Hockey Stick
Living Standards Improvements Post-Colonial Independence
India's Progress in Living Standards and Persistent Poverty (14th Century to Present)
Living Standards Visualization: Pre-1800 Limitations
Intra-Country vs. Inter-Country Inequality in the 14th-17th Centuries
Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)
Latin American Growth
Figure 1.1: The History's Hockey Stick Graph of GDP Per Capita
China's Economic Decline
Modern Global Wealth Hierarchy (2018): Comparisons of Japan, India, Britain, US, and Norway
Britain's Early and Gradual 'Hockey Stick' Kink
Japan's Sharp 'Hockey Stick' Kink around 1870
Pre-1800 GDP Data Scarcity and Its Impact on Historical Graphs
Data Sources for the History's Hockey Stick Graph
Accelerated Post-1975 Economic Growth in India and China
Figure 3.7: Evolution of GDP per Capita Relative to the US (2009–2023)
Understanding and Interpreting Ratio Scale Graphs
History’s Hockey Stick: Stagnant Income Before Sustained Growth
Capitalism, Causation, and History’s Hockey Stick
Data Sources for the History's Hockey Stick Graph
Factors Causing Decadal Fluctuations in Earth's Mean Temperature
Official Caption for Figure 1.2a: Atmospheric CO2 and Fossil Fuel Emissions
Figure 1.2b: Northern Hemisphere Temperature Deviations (1000–2019)
History’s Hockey Stick: Stagnant Income Before Sustained Growth
Capitalism, Causation, and History’s Hockey Stick
Italy's Higher Living Standards in the 14th Century
Pre-1800 GDP Data Scarcity and Its Impact on Historical Graphs
Data Sources for the History's Hockey Stick Graph
Official Caption for Figure 1.1 (History's Hockey Stick)
History’s Hockey Stick: Stagnant Income Before Sustained Growth
Capitalism, Causation, and History’s Hockey Stick
Living Standards Visualization: Pre-1800 Limitations
Latin American Growth
China's Economic Decline
Britain's Early and Gradual 'Hockey Stick' Kink
Japan's Sharp 'Hockey Stick' Kink around 1870
Data Sources for the History's Hockey Stick Graph
21st Century Temperature Records
Accelerated Post-1975 Economic Growth in India and China
Ocean Acidification as a Consequence of CO2 Emissions
Causal Link Between CO2 Stock and Global Warming
Energy Production's Contribution to Greenhouse Gas Emissions
A scientist observes that since the widespread adoption of fossil fuels for industrial energy, there has been a consistent and significant rise in global average temperatures. Based on the fundamental process involved, which statement best explains the causal link between these two phenomena?
Energy Policy and Atmospheric Impact
Industrial Activity and Climate Connection
The primary warming effect from the combustion of fossil fuels occurs because the resulting atmospheric gases trap incoming solar radiation, preventing a significant portion of it from reaching and warming the Earth's surface.
Analyzing the Atmospheric Warming Mechanism
Match each component of the process driving recent changes in global temperature with its correct description.
The widespread industrial consumption of fossil fuels releases gases that permit sunlight to enter the atmosphere but prevent reflected heat from escaping. The gas considered the predominant contributor to this heat-trapping effect is ______.
The process by which the industrial use of certain energy sources leads to an increase in global average temperatures involves several key steps. Arrange the following steps into the correct causal sequence, from the initial action to the final climatic outcome.
Comparative Industrialization and Climate Impact
Critiquing Climate Intervention Strategies
History’s Hockey Stick: Stagnant Income Before Sustained Growth
Capitalism, Causation, and History’s Hockey Stick
Anti-Capitalist Politics
Decentralization in a Capitalist System
How does competition in markets affect individuals and owners in a capitalist system?
Success of the Capitalist Economic System
Centralization in a Capitalist System
What is a key feature of capitalism as an economic system?
In a capitalist system, who operates the privately owned capital goods?
What does capitalism as an economic system combine?
Data Sources for the History's Hockey Stick Graph
Everyday vs. Economic Meanings of Capitalism
Key Institutions of Capitalism
Variations of Capitalism
Capitalism's Dual Mechanism: Centralization and Decentralization
The Role of Government in a Capitalist Economy
The Dual Legacy of the Capitalist Revolution
Forbes Magazine's Pro-Capitalist Stance
Firms as the Dominant Organization for Production and Employment in Capitalist Economies
Adam Smith's Advocacy vs. Karl Marx's Critique of Capitalism
The Great Depression (1930s)
Identifying a Capitalist System
Distinguishing Capitalist Systems
Consider an economic system characterized by two main features: 1) Individuals and families own their own land, buildings, and equipment. 2) There is a system for individuals to voluntarily exchange goods and services with each other for mutual benefit. Despite these features, most production is done by individual artisans or within family units. Why does this system fail to meet the specific economic definition of capitalism?
Analyzing Economic System Failures
A defining characteristic of a capitalist economic system is its dual structure of power. Which of the following statements best analyzes this combination of centralized and decentralized power?
Evaluating the Outcomes of a Capitalist System
Learn After
Capitalism, Causation, and History’s Hockey Stick
Comparing GDP Levels and Growth Rates:
India's Progress in Living Standards and Persistent Poverty (14th Century to Present)
Living Standards Visualization: Pre-1800 Limitations
Latin American Growth
China's Economic Decline
Britain's Early and Gradual 'Hockey Stick' Kink
Japan's Sharp 'Hockey Stick' Kink around 1870
Pre-1800 GDP Data Scarcity and Its Impact on Historical Graphs
Data Sources for the History's Hockey Stick Graph
Wealth and Poverty Before the 'Hockey Stick' Kink
The Puzzle of the Hockey Stick: Why Stagnation Before Growth?
Accelerated Post-1975 Economic Growth in India and China
Dual Narrative of the GDP Hockey Stick: Growth and Stagnation
The 'Hockey Stick' Growth Trajectory is Not Smooth
Economic Growth Rate