50%-70% of those living with HIV smoke. This can cause cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disease, bacterial infections, malignancy, and other conditions to develop faster. 

New Mexico Highlands University

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that attacks cells that help the body fight infection, making a person more vulnerable to other infections and diseases. If left untreated, HIV can become AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome).

HIV/AIDS

- Feelings of Self-efficacy 
- Motivation
- Add other factors (and references) as more studies are added 

Factors Affecting Ability to Stop Smoking

Cropsey, K. L., Jardin, B. F., Burkholder, G. A., Clark, C. B., Raper, J. L., & Saag, M. S. (2015). An Algorithm Approach to Determining Smoking Cessation Treatment for Persons Living With HIV/AIDS: Results of a Pilot Trial. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 69(3), 291–298. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0000000000000579

An Algorithm Approach to Determining Smoking Cessation
Treatment for Persons Living With HIV/AIDS:
Results of a Pilot Trial


HIV is treated with antiretroviral therapy (ART). ART requires taking a combination of medications daily. The goal of treatment is to bring the individual's viral load to an undetectable level, meaning the level of HIV in the blood is too low to detect. People with HIV who maintain an undetectable viral load have effectively no risk of transmitting HIV to HIV-negative partners through sex.

HIV Treatment

HIV and Smoking

Around 60-90% of people with schizophrenia are estimated to smoke, compared with 15-24% of the adult general population. The association between smoking and mental health conditions becomes stronger relative to the severity of the mental health condition, with the highest levels of 70% smoking found in psychiatric in-patients. Rates of cigarette smoking amongst adults in the United States and United Kingdom are two to four times higher in people with current mood, anxiety, and psychotic disorders than in those without mental illness. 

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