Hopene is a multiringed lipid compound produced by bacteria whose structure consists of four hexagons joined along their edges, with a pentagon attached to the final hexagon and a short carbon chain branching from the pentagon.

Hopene

Hopanoids are multiringed lipid compounds produced by bacteria that strengthen bacterial membranes, serving a functional role analogous to cholesterol in eukaryotic membranes.

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Steroids are complex, ring-structured lipids found in cell membranes, with some members functioning as chemical messengers or hormones.

Steroid

https://openstax.org/details/books/microbiology/

Microbiology covers the scope and sequence requirements for a single-semester microbiology course for non-majors. The book presents the core concepts of microbiology with a focus on applications for careers in allied health. The pedagogical features of the text make the material interesting and accessible while maintaining the career-application focus and scientific rigor inherent in the subject matter. Microbiology’s art program enhances students’ understanding of concepts through clear and effective illustrations, diagrams, and photographs.

Microbiology is produced through a collaborative publishing agreement between OpenStax and the American Society for Microbiology Press. The book aligns with the curriculum guidelines of the American Society for Microbiology.

OpenStax Microbiology Textbook

Hopanoids

Sterols are a class of steroids characterized by the presence of a hydroxyl (OH) group. These molecules are predominantly hydrophobic but contain a hydrophilic hydroxyl group, giving them amphipathic properties.

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