Because of the cooperative principle and maxim of quality, people expect to be told the truth. When presented with misinformation, they are initially inclined to believe it is the truth.

Misinformation spreaders can incorporate negative statements to take advantage of negativity biases. This could be through either method of creating negativity (concept valence or negation).

Using the concept of psychological distance, those spreading misinformation could frame their arguments to feel more psychologically close to the readers, making the impact of negativity biases more pronounced.