- From a review which pooled global results looking at hypertension in COVID-19 patient, there was an overall 2.49 (OR, 2.49; 95% CI, 1.98–3.12; I2 = 24%; Cochran’s Q, P = 0.21) increase in infection and a 2.42 (OR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.51–3.9; I2 = 0%; Cochran’s Q, P = 0.33) increase in mortality.
- A significant correlation between patients over 60 and infection rates were also noted (correlation coefficient, 0.04; P = 0.03).
- It was noted that this may be due to the possibility that some hypertensive patients are on ACE inhibitor drugs and that these drugs may be increasing the amount of ACE2 inhibitors on cells and making these individuals more susceptible to infection.
- The paper also recommended that hypertensive patients seek to avoid contagion risk more aggressively and monitor blood pressure constantly for possible spikes which are associated with organ failure.

Hypertension in COVID-19 Global Data Analysis

Although there is as yet no evidence that hypertension is related to outcomes of COVID-19, or that ACE inhibitor or ARB use is harmful, or for that matter beneficial, during the COVID-19 pandemic, ACE inhibitors and ARBs could diminish the potential for development of either acute respiratory distress syndrome, myocarditis or acute kidney injury, which can occur in COVID-19 patients. In fact, ARBs have been suggested as a treatment for COVID-19 and its complications. Using recombinant ACE2 could be a therapeutic approach in COVID-19 to reducing viral load by binding circulating SARS-CoV-2 viral particles and reducing their potential attachment to tissue ACE2. None of these possibilities have however been demonstrated in patients yet. 

Effect of ACE inhibitors (ACEIs) and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs)

- Global analysis
- Effect of ACE inhibitors (ACEIs) and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs)

Smith College

- Hypertension and COVID-19 by Geographic Location
- Hypertension and COVID-19 by Topic

Hypertension as a Comorbidity of COVID-19

Hypertension in COVID-19 Patients by Topic

- Lombardy, Italy
- Wuhan, China
- Mexico

Hypertension in COVID-19 Patients by Geographic Location

- Hypertension: 10.9% 

- Cardiovascular Disease (other than hypertension): 2.7% 

- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: 1.8%

- Chronic Liver Disease: 1.8% 

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