- The patient was taking HIV-1 agents that could have anti-SARS-CoV-2 effects
- Activated type 1 IFN (proteins that help regulate the activity of the immune system) may help suppress the virus.  HIV-1 infection may induce high levels of type I IFN. 

Smith College

In Shenzhen, China (Jan. 2020), a patient with a travel history to Wuhan was admitted to the hospital with the clinical presentation of COVID-19.  The SARS-CoV-2 RNA test was persistently negative, but the plasma anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody was positive. 


COVID-19 Patients with Coinfection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Hepatitis C Virus

Zhao, J., Liao, X., Wang, H., Wei, L., Xing, M., Liu, L., &amp; Zhang, Z. (2020). Early Virus Clearance and Delayed Antibody Response in a Case of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) With a History of Coinfection With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Hepatitis C Virus. Clinical Infectious Diseases. doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa408
https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/doi/10.1093/cid/ciaa408/5818121

Early Virus Clearance and Delayed Antibody Response in a Case of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) With a History of Coinfection With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Hepatitis C Virus

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