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Identify the organization that created the Declaration of Helsinki, the year it was created, and describe the primary ethical standard it added to the guidelines of the Nuremberg Code.
Question: Identify the organization that created the Declaration of Helsinki, the year it was created, and describe the primary ethical standard it added to the guidelines of the Nuremberg Code.
Sample answer: The Declaration of Helsinki was created by the World Medical Council in 1964. The primary ethical standard it added to the guidelines of the Nuremberg Code is the requirement that any research involving human participants must be based on a written protocol—which is a detailed description of the study—and that this protocol must undergo review by an independent committee.
Key points:
- Created by the World Medical Council
- Created in the year 1964
- Added the requirement of a written protocol (detailed study description)
- Required the protocol to be reviewed by an independent committee
Rubric: Full credit is awarded if the student correctly identifies the World Medical Council as the creator, the year 1964 as the creation date, and describes the addition of a written protocol that must be reviewed by an independent committee.
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Research Methods in Psychology - 4th American Edition @ KPU
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Research Protocol
What significant ethical standard did the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki add to the guidelines for research involving human participants?
Under the standards established by the Declaration of Helsinki, a researcher can begin a study involving human participants as soon as they have personally drafted a detailed written protocol, without needing outside evaluation.
A health psychologist is planning a study to observe how stress levels affect heart rate during public speaking tasks. Based on the standards introduced by the Declaration of Helsinki, arrange the following steps in the correct order the researcher must follow to comply with this ethics code.
The Declaration of Helsinki introduced specific ethical safeguards to protect human participants in research. Analyze the relationship between these requirements and the ethical risks they aim to prevent by matching each requirement with its primary risk-mitigation function.
Which organization created the Declaration of Helsinki in 1964 to establish ethical principles for research involving human participants?
Match each component of the Declaration of Helsinki with its corresponding description or function.
A researcher concludes that they have fulfilled their ethical obligations for a study on social anxiety by simply drafting a detailed written protocol. However, an evaluation of this conclusion based on the Declaration of Helsinki reveals it is ethically insufficient, because the code mandates that the protocol must undergo review by an _____.
A team of sleep researchers designs a study examining how caffeine affects memory consolidation in college students. Because their work is psychological rather than medical, the team concludes that the Declaration of Helsinki does not apply to their study and that they may proceed without a written protocol or independent committee review. This reasoning is correct.
Unlike the Nuremberg Code, the Declaration of Helsinki added the requirement that research involving human participants must be grounded in a written protocol reviewed by an _____ committee—a safeguard specifically designed to prevent researchers from serving as the sole evaluators of the ethical soundness of their own studies.
A graduate student in psychology wants to run a study on how peer feedback influences academic self-efficacy in undergraduates. Evaluate the following stages of the research planning process and arrange them in the sequence that best satisfies the ethical requirements established by the Declaration of Helsinki. Consider which steps are prerequisites for others and why the order matters ethically.
Identify the organization that created the Declaration of Helsinki, the year it was created, and describe the primary ethical standard it added to the guidelines of the Nuremberg Code.
Explain how the psychologist's plan violates the ethical standards established by the Declaration of Helsinki. Specifically, identify what must be done with their outline before they can begin data collection and explain why this requirement is necessary under this ethics code.
A team of cognitive psychologists wants to apply the ethical framework of the Declaration of Helsinki to a new study examining how sleep deprivation affects decision-making. What is the very first document they must produce, and what specific action must they take with it before they can recruit any participants?