Noise and Noise Sensitivity is negatively associated with the mental health of children and adolescents, but socioeconomic status should be  considered. 
- Highly associated with internalizing, externalizing, and total behavioral problems
- Low-income groups: degree of association with problem behaviors was higher
- Relationship between noise sensitivity and externalization problems disappeared in the high-income group.

Noise and noise sensitivity

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Types of Hearing Loss. National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilties. https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/hearingloss/types.html

CDC: Hearing Loss in Children

There was relation between typical ambient noise levels (highway, rail, road) and multiple mental health indices of school children. 
- Anxiety
- Depression
- Poorer classroom behavior

* The correlation between mental health and ambient noise is larger in children with early biological risk.

Effect of exposure of ambient noise

Childhood exposure to variations of acoustic stimuli has an impact on individuals experiencing abnormal acoustic experiences, such as tinnitus, hyperacusis, and hidden hearing loss in their adulthood. However, there are poor understanding of these ideas. 


State University of New York at Buffalo

Studying hearing imparments and auditory disorders is useful to learn the function of each aspect of the auditory cortex and pathways

Hearing Impairments / Auditory Disorders

The inability to accurately discern tunes. People with congenital amusia never develop the baility to understand the basical musical erlationships with pitch. timing does not seem to be affected in amusia. the right inferior frontal gyrus tends to have less white matter in people with amusia. diffusion tensor imaging also found fewer connections between the frontal cortex and emporal auditory cortex.

Amusia

Impact of abnormal acoustic activity early in life 

Excessive noise exposure could produce permanent damage to the auditory system. Depending on the noise levels you are exposed to, there could be different long-term outcomes individuals could experience. 
Exposure is typically categorized into three classes:
- Traumatic Noise Levels
- Threatening Noise Levels
- Safe Noise Levels




Exposure on levels of noise causing hearing loss  

Hearing loss and deafness can occur at any stage of life and may result from various factors. Due to the mechanical nature of sound transmission through the ear, some degree of hearing loss is considered inevitable over a lifetime. Generally, hearing loss is categorized by issues in one of three areas: the failure of sound vibrations to reach the cochlea, problems with the cochlea's conversion of sound to action potentials, or dysfunction within the brain's auditory processing systems.

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