Baynton believed that disabilities has been used to justify discrimination to other non-white groups, through attributing the idea of disability to them. This was especially seen during the 1904 world fair, where there were displays of individuals with disabilities and non-white individuals in "America freak shows".

Because of this history, Baynton argues that non-white groups distanced themselves from disability as a means of accessing certain rights and freedoms, but in doing this these groups left unquestioned ableism and ableism as a system of oppression.

Douglas Baynton

Erving Goffman was a sociologist who wrote the book, Stigma. In this work, he analyzed social interactions with other individuals. He believed that due to individuals with disabilities differing from the social norm, they were stigmatized by others, making them lose prestige.

Erving Goffman

University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

- Important  Books
- Important  Figures
- Important Ideals
- Summarization of Race/Ethics in Disability History

History of Race/Ethnicity in Disability History

- Social/Political vs Medical Science View of Disabilities
- Disability Life Cycle
- Cultural Model View of Disabilities

Important Ideals of Race/Ethnicity in Disability History

- "Uncle Tom and Tiny Tom: Some Reflections" by Leonard Kriegel (1969)
- "A History of Disability" by Henri Jacques-Striker (1999)
- "The Pivot of Civilization" by Margaret Sanger (1922)
- "The Farming of Bones" by Edwidge Danticat (1937)
- "Claiming Disability" by Simi Linton (1998)
- "Freaks: Myth and Images of the Secret Self" by Leslie Fiedler (1978)

Important Books of Race/Ethnicity in Disability History

- Especially in the 1900s, there have been 2 views of disabilities: medical and social/political. (see "Social/Political vs Medical Science View of Disabilities" for more information).
- Disabilities were often used to justify racism towards non white individuals, often saying that they had disabilities, which was frowned upon during this time. (see Douglas Baynton for more information).
- During the 1900s, many books were written about the connection between individuals with disabilites and non whites. Others reflected on why disabilties failed to establish its own culture during, and the necessity of being compassionate towards those with disabilities. (See Important Books of Race/Ethnicity in Disability History for more information).

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