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The one-way ANOVA is used for between-subjects designs with separate groups, whereas the repeated-measures ANOVA is used for within-subjects designs with the same participants. A key advantage of the repeated-measures ANOVA is that stable individual differences are subtracted from the within-groups variance ($$MS_W$$), leading to a lower $$MS_W$$, a higher $$F$$-ratio, and a more sensitive test compared to a one-way ANOVA where these differences inflate the variance.

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