Comparison of Bail-in and Bail-out

Bank Resolution Scenario

A major international bank is facing imminent failure due to significant losses on its investments. To prevent a wider financial crisis without using public funds, regulators implement a resolution process where the bank is restructured to remain operational. Which of the following outcomes is a defining characteristic of this type of resolution for the bank's bondholders?

In a resolution procedure for a failing financial institution, if the government injects public funds to prevent the institution's collapse and ensure all its creditors are fully repaid, this action is correctly described as a bail-in.

Mechanism of a Financial Bail-in