In a two-group experiment where the treatment group (n = 50) has a mean score of 34.32 (SD = 10.45) and the control group (n = 50) has a mean score of 21.45 (SD = 9.22), a Cohen's d of 1.31 is considered an extremely strong effect size.

In a study evaluating a new psychological treatment, the treatment group ($M = 34.32$, $SD = 10.45$) is compared to a control group ($M = 21.45$, $SD = 9.22$), resulting in a Cohen's $d$ of $1.31$. Match each statistical component with its conceptual role in describing these results.

You are drafting the 'Results' section of a research paper. Your study found that the treatment group ($M = 34.32, SD = 10.45$) outperformed the control group ($M = 21.45, SD = 9.22$), resulting in a Cohen's $d$ of $1.31$. Which of the following is the most appropriate way to apply these descriptive statistics to your report?

A researcher is analyzing results where a treatment group ($M = 34.32, SD = 10.45$) and a control group ($M = 21.45, SD = 9.22$) produced a Cohen's $d$ of $1.31$. Arrange the following steps in the correct logical order required to move from initial data observation to a formal research conclusion.

In the provided example comparing a treatment group ($M = 34.32$) and a control group ($M = 21.45$), which type of analysis is explicitly identified as still being required for a formal research report?

A researcher finds that a treatment group ($n = 50, M = 34.32, SD = 10.45$) outperforms a control group ($n = 50, M = 21.45, SD = 9.22$) with an extremely strong Cohen's $d$ of $1.31$. Even when the magnitude of the difference is this visible, a student evaluating the evidence must judge these descriptive statistics as _____ for a formal scientific publication until inferential statistics (such as a $t$-test) are applied to rule out the possibility that the results occurred by chance.

In a research study comparing a treatment group ($M = 34.32$) to a control group ($M = 21.45$), the resulting Cohen's $d$ of $1.31$ is categorized as a(n) _____ statistic because it summarizes the magnitude of the observed effect but does not provide the probability that the results occurred by chance.

A student researcher writes a formal report comparing a treatment group ($n = 50, M = 34.32, SD = 10.45$) to a control group ($n = 50, M = 21.45, SD = 9.22$). Because the Cohen's $d$ of $1.31$ makes the treatment effect unmistakably obvious from the descriptive statistics alone, the student decides to omit the $t$-test from the report. This decision is appropriate for a formal research report.

In the study where the treatment group ($n = 50, M = 34.32, SD = 10.45$) is compared to the control group ($n = 50, M = 21.45, SD = 9.22$) and Cohen's $d = 1.31$, match each statistical element to the specific analytical role it plays in interpreting the results.

A peer reviewer is judging whether a two-group study report (treatment: $n = 50, M = 34.32, SD = 10.45$; control: $n = 50, M = 21.45, SD = 9.22$; Cohen's $d = 1.31$) is statistically complete and defensible. Arrange the following evaluative steps in the order a thorough reviewer should apply them.