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Complete counterbalancing is the most thorough method for controlling order effects in a within-subjects experiment. It involves ensuring that an equal number of participants complete every possible unique order of the experimental conditions. While highly effective at neutralizing sequence as a confounding variable, this technique requires participants to be randomly assigned to the various sequences, and the total number of required orders grows factorially as the number of conditions increases.

Complete Counterbalancing

In a within-subjects experiment, what defines the method of complete counterbalancing?

A researcher is designing a within-subjects experiment with 4 conditions and wants to use the most thorough method of controlling for order effects by having participants complete every possible unique ordering of conditions. To implement this technique, the researcher would need to create exactly 24 different condition sequences and assign an equal number of participants to each sequence.

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