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In a 2001 meta-analysis of depression treatments, researchers Michael Posternak and Ivan Miller highlighted the powerful effect of spontaneous remission. They discovered that participants assigned to wait-list control conditions—who had not yet received any formal therapy—still showed an average improvement of $$10\%$$ to $$15\%$$ in their depression symptoms. This finding underscores the necessity of control groups to isolate true treatment effects from natural recovery.

Posternak and Miller's 2001 Spontaneous Remission Study

In Posternak and Miller's 2001 meta-analysis of depression treatments, participants in wait-list control conditions who had not yet received any formal therapy still showed an average improvement of ____ to 15% in their depression symptoms.

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