Data Analysis in Single-Subject Research

What is a defining characteristic of single-subject research designs?

In a single-subject reversal design (ABA), a researcher must demonstrate that a specific treatment is responsible for a change in behavior. Arrange the following phases in the correct order to illustrate this experimental logic.

Match each researcher's observation or goal with the most appropriate next step according to the logic of single-subject research designs.

A researcher observes a participant's behavior occurring 5, 15, 2, and 20 times per hour during the baseline phase ($A$). If the behavior then occurs a consistent 10 times per hour during the intervention phase ($B$), the researcher has successfully demonstrated that the intervention caused a change in behavior.

In the context of single-subject research designs, what can serve as the 'unit' of analysis?

In a single-subject research design, the baseline phase ($A$) serves as the control condition by establishing a standard of behavior against which the effects of the intervention can be evaluated.

If a researcher introduces an intervention while the baseline ($A$) phase is already trending in the desired direction, the researcher cannot reach a valid _____ regarding whether the treatment ($B$) caused the improvement, because the behavior might have continued changing on its own.

A school psychologist wants to study whether a new classroom seating arrangement (treatment) reduces off-task behavior in a specific classroom of students. Match each element of this study to the corresponding concept of a single-subject research design.

In a single-subject research design, a researcher analyzes the potential impact of a treatment by comparing behavior repeatedly measured across baseline and _____ phases.

A clinical researcher wants to evaluate whether a treatment is associated with a clear behavior change using a single-subject design. Arrange the steps of this evaluation process in the correct chronological order.