Branches can run concurrently when they do not depend on one another's intermediate results. A join defines when enough results have arrived and how conflicts or failures are combined.

Parallelism Requires Independent Work and a Join

An OR node succeeds through one viable child; an AND node requires all designated children. This distinction represents plans with alternatives and compound obligations.

AND-OR Graphs Separate Required and Alternative Subgoals

Concurrent branches can read the same version and overwrite one another. Optimistic version checks, locks, commutative updates, or transactional joins preserve state invariants.

Concurrency Control Protects Shared State

In this situation—checking policy, factual support, and style on the same draft—which choice best applies “Parallelism Requires Independent Work and a Join”?

A map stage applies comparable work to independent partitions; a reduce stage combines results under explicit rules. Partition boundaries and reconciliation determine whether context is lost.

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