Centralized, hierarchical, peer, and market-like topologies change communication cost, bottlenecks, fault propagation, and authority. Topology should follow the coordination problem, not a fashionable diagram.

Multi-Agent Topology Shapes Coordination

Partitioning assigns nodes to workers or contexts to improve locality and scale. Cross-partition edges add communication, consistency, and privacy costs, so semantic boundaries matter.

Graph Partitioning Trades Locality Against Cut Cost

Peers communicate without one permanent controller. This can reduce central bottlenecks but requires discovery, shared protocols, conflict handling, and termination rules.

Peer Topology Distributes Coordination

A quorum specifies which and how many authorized participants must respond before a collective action proceeds. It should reflect failure tolerance and stakeholder rights, not just speed.

Quorums Define Sufficient Participation

A supervisor decomposes work, delegates, checks results, and decides next actions. It simplifies governance but can become a bottleneck and single point of failure.

Supervisor Topology Centralizes Routing

In this situation—coordinating research, verification, drafting, and approval agents—which choice best applies “Multi-Agent Topology Shapes Coordination”?

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