In long graphs, a final outcome reflects many prior decisions. Credit assignment estimates which actions contributed, while accounting for delayed effects and confounding.

Credit Assignment Links Outcomes to Earlier Choices

In this situation—learning which tutoring intervention improved a later transfer task—which choice best applies “Credit Assignment Links Outcomes to Earlier Choices”?

Off-policy evaluation uses logged actions, outcomes, and selection probabilities to estimate a policy not yet deployed. Poor coverage makes estimates unstable or impossible.

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