Peers communicate without one permanent controller. This can reduce central bottlenecks but requires discovery, shared protocols, conflict handling, and termination rules.

Peer Topology Distributes Coordination

Agents can coordinate through a shared, structured workspace instead of direct messages. Writes need schemas, authorship, versioning, conflict rules, and least-privilege access.

Blackboard Coordination Uses Shared Artifacts

Deadlock occurs when participants wait cyclically; livelock occurs when they keep reacting without progress. Timeouts, lock ordering, progress measures, and arbitration break these states.

Deadlock and Livelock Need Recovery

Multiple agents can propose and challenge reasoning, but shared model biases or persuasive style may create false consensus. A judge needs evidence criteria independent of rhetoric.

Debate Diversifies Arguments, Not Ground Truth

Negotiating agents exchange proposals under constraints and a termination protocol. Agreement is meaningful only if agents represent legitimate stakeholders and cannot misstate authority.

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