Deadlock occurs when participants wait cyclically; livelock occurs when they keep reacting without progress. Timeouts, lock ordering, progress measures, and arbitration break these states.

Deadlock and Livelock Need Recovery

Queues may redeliver and workers may crash between effects and acknowledgements. Exactly-once business behavior usually comes from deduplication, transactions, and idempotent consumers, not transport promises alone.

Exactly-Once Effects Are an End-to-End Claim

In this situation—two agents each waiting for the other to approve first—which choice best applies “Deadlock and Livelock Need Recovery”?

Petri nets represent conditions as places, events as transitions, and available state as tokens. They can reveal unreachable states, deadlocks, and concurrency that ordinary flowcharts obscure.

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