Nonliving objects contaminated by pathogens after contact with an infected host. Examples: Syringes and needles not properly sterilized in a clinical setting. These can lead to healthcare-associated infections.

Fomites

Transmission of a pathogen to a susceptible host through contact with fomites

University of Notre Dame

Types of contact transmission include:
- Direct contact transmission
- Indirect contact transmission

Types of Contact Transmission

OpenStax Concepts of Biology provides the necessary breadth and depth for core Biology concepts.

Link: https://openstax.org/details/books/concepts-biology/

OpenStax Biology 2nd Edition

https://openstax.org/details/books/microbiology/

Microbiology covers the scope and sequence requirements for a single-semester microbiology course for non-majors. The book presents the core concepts of microbiology with a focus on applications for careers in allied health. The pedagogical features of the text make the material interesting and accessible while maintaining the career-application focus and scientific rigor inherent in the subject matter. Microbiology’s art program enhances students’ understanding of concepts through clear and effective illustrations, diagrams, and photographs.

Microbiology is produced through a collaborative publishing agreement between OpenStax and the American Society for Microbiology Press. The book aligns with the curriculum guidelines of the American Society for Microbiology.

OpenStax Microbiology Textbook

The movement of pathogens to hosts through physical contact or droplets transmitted across no more than a meter

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