Users usually identify on their own that they have an information need, however, they may need support in specifying the parameters of their need to focus their efforts and search efficiently. Grover's Diagnostic Model can help librarians diagnose users' information needs. 

How Users Identify an Information Need

- how to identify an information need
- how to find sources
- how to evaluate sources
- how to use the source
- how to synthesize the source
- how to abtract/summarize content

San Jose State University

Instruction librarians teach users information literacy skills to process information efficiently and effectively.

Information Literacy Instruction (ILI) in Libraries

Instruction services for students and faculty focus mainly on information literacy skills development, known as Information Literacy Instruction (ILI). 

Instruction Services in Academic Libraries

Here are four instructional models to assist users/students in their information search process (ISP). Kuhlthau identified three approaches. 

- The Source Approach
- The Pathfinder Approach
- The Process Models Approach
- Sheingold's Inquiry Model 

Modes of Information Literacy Instruction for ISP

Information Literacy Instruction Topics in Libraries

The student completes the following objectives: 

1. Determines the information need
2. Finds a variety of types of information 
3. Identifies pros and cons of the information, and gages the accuracy critically
4. Uses the information to complete their information need
5. Uses the information ethically when considering societal factors 

Objectives for Information Literacy Instruction 

- instructional videos
- written tutorials
- in-person sessions


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