- all students thought video communication with the instructor made their course experience better
- all students in the instructor and small group interaction section reported that the individual video feedback from the instructor was beneficial and helped them keep up with their work
- some students not in the aforementioned section wished their instructor would have commented on their work
- most students reported being able to see their instructor as they lectured helped their learning experience


California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo

Students were interviewed on the instructor's open communication, emotional expression, and cohesion

Results: Students' Perception of Instructor's Social Presence

Borup, J., West, R. E., & Graham, C. R. (2012). Improving online social presence through asynchronous video. The Internet and Higher Education, 15(3), 195–203. doi:10.1016/j.iheduc.2011.11.00 

Improving online social presence through asynchronous video

Instructor's Open Communication

- half of the students thought the instructor's self-disclosure and expression of personality bettered their course experience
- some students didn't think they got to know their instructor well enough due to the nature of asynchronous courses

Instructor's Emotional Expression

- most students felt that video communication made them more familiar and closer to the instructor
- most students felt like their instructor cared about their success and was there to support them
- however, some students felt that the professor didn't know them well enough

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