The author is "autistic and ADHD-identified researcher, a parent in a multi-neurodivergent household, and a Black woman who has experience of systemic inequities within education and healthcare. " The central idea of this article revolves around the issues such as diagnostic overshadowing, service exclusion, and unequal access to care. 

Naomi Williams

In the UK, over 1.3 million people live with an intellectual disability; many also experience co-occurring mental health conditions, such as anxiety, depression, or psychosis. People with intellectual disabilities often have a co-occurring neurodevelopmental difference rates are 33.4% for autism, 9.0% for ADHD, and 10.6% for Down syndrome.

Data on Co-occurring Conditions

In a co-designed project Making Mental Health Services Better for Neurodivergent Children and Families, 38 young people, parents and carers with lived experience shared their journeys of seeking help and engaging with mental health services.

Making Mental Health Services Better

This article is informed by a social worker and their lived experience at the intersection of intellectual disability, neurodivergence, and mainstream mental health services.

University of North Texas

Williams, N., Tuomainen, H., & Taylor, J. (2026). Lost in the system: rethinking mainstream mental health services for people with intellectual disabilities. Disability & Society, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1080/09687599.2026.2634347 



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