- Typical involvement includes participation as a member of a self-advocacy group, but they may also be involved individually or in otherwise determined groups.
- The aim is to give the individuals as much control as feasible.

Cedarville University

This approach gives people with ID the control they need to initiate, lead, and execute research about issues that are of particular importance to them. It utilizes action research as well as participatory and emancipatory approaches. This combined approach aims to raise awareness and allows the researchers with ID to serve as their own test subjects. 

Leading and Controlling Approach


Bigby, C., Frawley, P., & Ramcharan, P. (2014). Conceptualizing Inclusive Research with People with Intellectual Disability. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 27(1), 3–12. https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.12083 

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