Antibody testing is useful information in an epidemiological sense, but the World Health Organization (WHO) has warned against issuing  “immunity passports,” also reffered to as “risk-free certificates”  that would enable individuals to travel or to return to work. These documents are built on the assumption that individuals who have contracted the virus once are protected against re-infection.  However, there is currently no evidence that people who have recovered from COVID-19 and have antibodies are protected from a second infection.
The nation of Estonia has such a program in the works as of May as does the nation of Chile as of April,  in spite of WHO's warnings.
The president of the northeastern Veneto region of Italy, Luca Zaia, has agressively advocated for the introduction of "immunity passports", and the Italian Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte has taken the idea into consideration, though no concrete plans to introduce such measures have been introduced.

Consideration of "Immunity Passport" Policy

-  The app called "Immuni," officially released on June first by the Italian Government, works through low energy Bluetooth signaling as opposed to GPS technology.  The government has said users’ personal data will not be collected and the app will not geolocate them.
-  After a user reports having tested positive for Covid-19, with user approval, app developers send a notification to all app users who have registered within the Bluetooth range of the infected individual with notice that they are at risk and further information on quarantining and informational resources.
-  App download is voluntary, with 44% of Italians reporting that they would probably or certainly download Immuni, according to survey by pollster EMG Acqua on May 26, while 24% would definitely not download it. Other polling agencies reported similar rates.  Within the first two weeks if release, the app had around 2.2 million downloads. There are several other contract tracing apps vying for market share, but so far Immuni has seen the most downloads.
- Immuni was based off of an American app developed by the companies Google and Apple intended to combat the virus, before t  ran into privacy concerns and withdrew further plans for release.  Although the app itself is anonymous and requires no more personal information than age and province of residence, The Italian government has stated that all collected data will be erased by the end of 2020.

Contact Tracing though "Immuni"

- Encourage self quarantine
- Consideration of permitting return to "normal" activity among those immune through "immunity passports"
- Efforts to control international travel
- Encouraged participation with contact tracing technologies

University of California, Davis

Overall trend analysis
Policy
- Detect
- Contain
- Treat

Italy's COVID-19 Situation and Government Policy

- Testing
- Attempts at documentation
- Screening and monitoring surrounding travel

Italy's Efforts to Detect COVID-19 Cases and Mortalities

Italian Government's efforts to contain COVID-19

The first case of coronavirus was discovered in Codogno, diagnosed on February 20 of 2020.  Nearly half of all cases in Italy occurred in the Lombardy region, of which Milan is the capital. Covid 19 cases In the region peaked at 1,800 patients in intensive care.  Notably, there are major differences in epidemiological trends between regions, many of which saw lower mortality rates. Across regions, over 150 Italian doctors are reported to have died from the virus. Italian statisticians and epidemiologists are generally confident that a high-intensity second wave of infections is unlikely as of July.


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