Methods in which we utilize the information we can observe and infer frim facial expressions rather than measuring the muscle movements directly.

Alma College

Emotions can be measured through the movement of facial muscles and inferred through one's judgement of anothers expressions.

Facial Expression Measurements

Niedenthal, P. M., & Ric, F. (2017). Psychology of Emotion (2nd ed.). Psychology Press.

Psychology of Emotion

Component methods look at the different components of affect that occur in the face (e.g. facial muscles, electric currents, etc.) to determine which emotion is occurring.

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