Entities are real world objects or abstract concepts
Examples are person, books, movies, physics, theory of relativity etc

Entities are represented as graphs and relations are represented as edges.


Entities and Relations  

Knowledge graph is synonymous to knowledge base, where the latter have proper semantics connecting facts and their relations through semantic descriptions.

Knowledge Base

Research on knowledge graph are categorized into

 - Knowledge representation learning
 - Knowledge acquisition
 - Temporal knowledge graph
 - Knowledge -aware applications


Research on Knowledge Graph in NLP

A Survey on Knowledge Graphs (in NLP): Representation, Acquisition and Applications

Knowledge graph utilizes NLP to construct a view of nodes and edges through the process of semantic enrichment.

University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

San Jose State University

A structured way of representing knowledge.
It consists of entities, relationships, and semantic descriptions. In other words, knowledge graphs represent logical relationship between entities.

Knowledge Graph

A Survey on Knowledge Graphs: Representation, Acquisition and Applications

A knowledge graph is mathematically defined as $$\mathcal{G} = \{\mathcal{E}, \mathcal{R}, \mathcal{F}\}$$, where $$\mathcal{E}$$ is a set of entities, $$\mathcal{R}$$ is a set of relations, and $$\mathcal{F}$$ is a set of facts. A fact is denoted as a triple $$(h, r, t)$$, with $$h$$ being the head entity, $$r$$ the relation, and $$t$$ the tail entity.

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