Females more likely to fall in high disruption distress and identity and role strain profiles than males.
Possible reasons include:
They have more childcare and housework to do.
They have more reduced work hours than men.
They are more likely to be in high people interfacing jobs.
Intimate partner violence has increased during COVID-19, which has disproportionately affected them.


Females more stressed about COVID-19.

Participants of the study were Americans older than 18. The study found three profiles via Mplus 8.4 statistical software. The profiles include moderately stressed (56.6%), high disruption distress (36%), and identity and role strain (8.4%). 

New Mexico Highlands University

A stress exposure scale, developed during the first weeks of widespread quarantine during COVID-19 in the United States.

COVID-19 Stressors Scale

This is when people are stressed about the stigma of their age and working in jobs with high direct interface with others.

Identity and Role Strain

Hynes, K. C., Tambling, R. R., Russell, B. S., Park, C. L., & Fendrich, M. (2022). A latent profile analysis of the COVID-19 Stressors Scale. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 14(4), 705–713. https://doi-org.proxy.wichita.edu/10.1037/tra0001085

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