The leader is an elected proof of history generator, taking in arbitrary user transactions and converting them into a proof of history sequence of the transactions. This guarantees a unique global order in the system. Following each transaction batch, the leader outputs a signature of the state that is the result of running the transactions in that particular sequence 

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- Leader and Proof of History
- State
- Verifier and State Replication
- Validators

Components

The system is designed such that a computer runs a cryptographic hash function, whose output cannot be predicted without running the function. What the computer does it uses the output of the first hash as an input of the second hash and so forth until you reach the nth hash. HashN represents the actual output. The computer only needs to publish a subset of the hashes and indices and, if each is correct, they only could have been computed by computing all other hashes before it, thus represproving that the work had been done.

Proof of History Description

Solana - A new architecture for a high performance blockchain

Leader and Proof of History

State refers to a naïve hash table indexed by the users address. It contains the users address and the memory required for the computation. 

State

Verifier nodes replicate the blockchain state and provide high availability of the blockchain state. The replication target is selected through the consensus algorithm, ,and the validators in the consensus algorithm select and vote the proof of replication nodes they approve of.

Verifier and State Replication

Validators nodes consume bandwidth from verifiers. Validators are virtual nodes running either on the same machine as the verifiers or the leader, or on different machines altogether.  

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