Analyze the following scenario. Identify the *conditioned response* (CR) and briefly explain why it fits that definition based on the principles of learned associations.

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After conditioning is complete, the previously neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus (CS) that can elicit the response on its own. This learned association is shown in an illustration where the dog salivates in response to the bell ringing, even without the presence of food. The salivation is now a conditioned response (CR).

After Classical Conditioning

Learned Nausea Response

Based on the principles of associative learning, explain why the patient now experiences anxiety when they smell rubbing alcohol, even when no injection is given.

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