articulates the role of the online learner, particularly with regard to self-efficacy measures

University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

-  Learner Presence
-  Emotional Presence
-  Agency Presence 
-  Metacognition

-  All four additional presences contain the elements of self-regulation, motivation and learning strategies. 
(They may eventually converge into a single new presence, or be relegated to the exogenous variables.)

Other Presences to Expand the COI

Learner Presence

“the outward expression of emotion, affect, and feeling by individuals and among individuals in a Community of Inquiry, as they relate to and interact with the learning technology, course content, learners, and the instructor”

Emotional Presence 

Also known as the autonomy presence.
The Internet provides additional or supplemental resources & communities that students can use to enhance, augment and validate their learning.

Agency Presence

the awareness, understanding, and adjustment of one’s own thought processes 

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